doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.9.2631
PMID: 30256071
Abstract
Free Video Dub is a free video editing software which lets you delete unwanted parts from video files without re-encoding. And 'without re-encoding' means without loosing original quality!!! This is lossless video editing, which is very fast. A deblocking filter is a video filter applied to decoded compressed video to improve visual quality and prediction performance by smoothing the sharp edges.
Objective:
This method is to reduce the risk of imprecise diagnosis associated with poor-quality CT images, this paper presents a new technique designed to enhance the quality of medical CT images. The main objective is to improve the appearance of CT images in order to obtain better visual interpretation and analysis, which is expected to ease the diagnosis process. The proposed technique involves applying a deblocking filter is to enhance the visual nature of a picture by diminishing the blocking artifacts. The appearance of a picture isn’t clear while an antique happens. The proposed deblocking filter calculation gives a strategy to expel the ancient rarities by smoothing the sharp edges of a picture.
Methods:
With a specific goal to lessen the quantity of information access, multifaceted nature and consequently to upgrade the proficiency, a six-staged pipelined structure for picture pixels are proposed. Besides, to enhance the subjective and target nature of a picture the deblocking filter performs identification of the antique at the coded square limits and weakens them by applying a chose filter.
Result:
The proposed algorithm is implemented in HDL using Xilinx FPGA. The input image is converted into decimal pixel values using Matlab and this value is used as the input in HDL. The proposed algorithm is compared with other blocking algorithms.
Conclusion:
To design an effective deblocking filter with low cost, low complexity and high intensity, pipeline based systems are used. In addition to that the number of memory accesses and timing efficiency also be reduced using this method. The deblocking filtering operations can also easily perform in parallel on multiple processors by using six-stage of pipelined, two-line deblocking filter. The parameter mean, variance, standard deviation, resolution, contrast and PSNR values are compared with the previous method. Hence it shows the implementation of deblocking filter using pipelining is more efficient than others.
Keywords: Deblocking filter, blocking artifacts, data access, efficiency, pipelining
Introduction
A deblocking filter is connected to decoded packed picture to enhance the visual quality by diminishing the blocking antiquities. Blocking artifacts is visual discontinuities introduce in a picture. This blocking curio is a standout amongst the most irritating issues happens at the every limit of a picture, which corrupts the nature of a picture. Deblocking filter expands the picture quality by applying a specific filter to smoothen the sharp edges on the limits. The imperative point in outlining of deblocking filter is to choose whether to filter has to be applied and the separation depends on the limit quality of a picture. This filter works on the edges of each 4x4 or 8x8, which changes obstruct in the luma and chroma planes of a picture. Every little edge of the block is relegated a limit quality macro- block limit, bury and intra coding of the squares. The deblocking filter is an exceptionally effective filter that alters its quality relying on pressure method of a full scale block (Intra or Inter), the quantization parameter and the pixel esteems.
A Deblocking filter based on HEVC entropy coding algorithm was proposed by (Pourazad et al., 2012). To establish the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) the objective is to develop a new high-performance video coding standard. Since then, JCT-VC has put a considerable effort toward the development of a new compression standard known as the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard, with the aim to significantly improve the compression efficiency compared with the existing H.264/AVC high profile.
An efficient parallel architecture for the adaptive deblocking filter in H.264/AVC video coding standard was proposed by (Chen and Chen, 2005). They use six forwarding shift register arrays(of which each contains 4x4 8-bit shift registers) with two transposing operations and two sets of filter operation(each set contains four edge filter operations) to support simultaneous processing of the horizontal and vertical filtering. The proposed architecture is called “parallel Filtering Architecture(PFA)”. Moreover, the number of total memory references is reduced by 63% and 25% respectively compared to the basic and advanced architectures of the previous proposals.
A three-step framework considering task-level segmentation and rules='groups' width='100%'>ParameterInput Image 1Output Image 1Input Image 2Output Image 2Input Image 3Output Image 3Mean221.2886221.1487211.2886211.1886221.7886221.1487Variance5.88E+035.89E+035.68E+035.79E+035.81E+035.81E+03Standard deviation76.666176.742275.666175.766176.321176.3321Brightness102.3636103.5217100.3636100.7636102.5465103.6542Contrast255255255255255255Resolution96 DPI96 DPI96 DPI96 DPI96 DPI96 DPI
True positive, True Negative, False Positive and False Negative are the confusion matrix features that are used for measuring the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the algorithm. The parameters are calculated based on the equations i, ii, iii and iv.
The Performance measure is based on classification accuracy, i.e. number of samples that has been properly detected into normal or abnormal as shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Cases | Proposed method | |
---|---|---|
True positive ratio (sensitivity) | True negative ratio (sensitivity) | |
Patient 1 | 0.8 | 0.44 |
Patient2 | 1 | 1 |
Patient3 | 0.889 | 0.8 |
Table 3 Comparison results output image is decreased compared to an input image. The resolution and contrast of the output image is same as input image. In the similar manner the parameters are estimated for hundred images. The comparison results between pipelines based algorithm, FDBS algorithm and deblocking algorithm. Here, the PSNR value of pipeline based algorithm is greater than other algorithm. Hence, the greater PSNR value leads to high quality of an image.
Table 3
Pipeline based | FDBS based [17] | Zhai method [20] | Visibility map method [2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Technology | 90 nm | 0.8 um | 90nm | 90nm |
Memory architecture | Two port | Two port | Two port | Two port |
PSNR value | 41.816 dB | 35.67 dB | 31.40 dB | 29.37 dB |
Discussion
The concept is to implement a deblocking filter and to design an effective deblocking filter with low cost, low complexity and high intensity, pipeline based systems are used. In addition to that the number of memory accesses and timing efficiency also be reduced using this method. The deblocking filtering operations can also easily perform in parallel on multiple processors by using six-stage of pipelined, two-line deblocking filter. The parameter mean, variance, standard deviation, resolution, contrast and PSNR values are compared with the previous method. Hence it shows the implementation of deblocking filter using pipelining is more efficient than others.
In future, the area complexity and throughput can be further reduced by using pipelining (High efficiency video coding) systems in the deblocking filter. Furthermore, the diabetic retinopathy can be detected by using this filter with the segmentation and feature extraction process. It can be applicable for other medical purpose.
Statement conflict of Interest
Architectural design of deblocking filter for image enhancement in the diagnosis of cancer.
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